UPSC Necessities | Day by day quiz by topic — Surroundings, geography, science and know-how (week 41) | UPSC Information

Declaration-I:

Iceland is a volcanically energetic nation.

Declaration-II:

Iceland sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the place the Eurasian and North American plates transfer aside by a couple of centimeters yearly.

Which of the next statements is appropriate relating to the above statements?

(a) Statements I and II are each appropriate and assertion II is the proper clarification of assertion I.

(b) Statements I and II are each appropriate and assertion II shouldn’t be the proper clarification of assertion I.

(c) Assertion I is appropriate however assertion II is wrong

(d) Assertion I is wrong however assertion II is appropriate

QUESTION 2

Think about the next:

1. Fatigue

2. Surprising weight reduction or achieve

3. Anxiousness

4. Irregular coronary heart price

To what extent can the above phenomena be as a result of hormonal imbalance?

(a) Just one

(b) Solely two

(c) Solely three

(d) The 4

QUESTION 3

How lots of the following salts are injected into clouds throughout cloud seeding?

1. Silver iodide

2. Sodium chloride

3. Aluminum iodide

4. Potassium Iodide

Choose the proper reply utilizing the codes under:

(a) Just one

(b) Solely two

(c) Solely three

(d) The 4

QUESTION 4

Relating to meals irradiation, think about the next statements:

1. It improves security and extends the shelf lifetime of meals by lowering or eliminating microorganisms

2. It eliminates organisms that trigger foodborne sickness.

3. It inactivates the organisms answerable for deterioration.

How lots of the above statements are appropriate?

(a) Just one

(b) Solely two

(c) The three

(d) None

QUESTION 5

The “Mishti” initiative was making headlines. It’s linked to:

a) Planting of timber alongside nationwide roads.

(b) Cut back air air pollution ranges within the NCR.

(c) Facilitate the remedy of wastewater discharged by industries.

d) Facilitate mangrove plantations alongside the Indian shoreline and on salt marsh lands.

ANSWERS TO MCQS

1.(a)

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

– THE volcano, referred to as Fagradalsfjall, is situated on the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest of Iceland. That is the third eruption of the Fagradalsfjall volcano up to now two years.

— Iceland is among the most energetic volcanic areas on the planet as a result of:

(I) Iceland is sitting the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (a part of the world’s longest mountain vary) within the North Atlantic Ocean, the place the Eurasian and North American plates transfer aside by a couple of centimeters yearly.

(ii) The island sits above a scorching zone (or hotspot, as beforehand talked about), resulting in elevated volcanic exercise within the space.

— It witnesses an eruption each 4 to 5 years. Nonetheless, since 2021, the frequency has elevated to virtually one eruption per 12 months.

Due to this fact, choice (a) is the proper reply.

2.(d)

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

— Hormones are chemical compounds that coordinate completely different features in your physique by carrying messages by means of your blood to your organs, pores and skin, muscle mass, and different tissues.

— There are lots of completely different hormones within the physique and an imbalance in any considered one of them could cause a variety of signs. For instance, an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone could cause irregular durations, temper swings, and scorching flashes.

— An issue with the endocrine glands such because the pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, adrenals or pancreas can disrupt hormonal steadiness. Such an imbalance could cause:

(i) Unexplained and generally sudden weight reduction or achieve

(ii) Fatiguemuscle weak point and painful joints

(iii) Irregular coronary heart price

(iv) Melancholy or anxiousness

(v) Hair loss

Due to this fact, choice (d) is the proper reply

3.(c)

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

— Water vapor condenses round tiny particles, forming the droplets that make up a cloud. These droplets collide and develop; after they accumulate and the cloud turns into saturated, it rains.

— Cloud seeding consists of injecting salts into the clouds resembling silver iodide, potassium iodide or sodium chloride, which function “seed”.

— These salts ought to present extra nuclei round which extra cloud droplets can type. They’re dispersed within the cloud both utilizing plane or through floor turbines.

— The substance dispersed within the cloud will need to have cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei and these two components come from two completely different salts.

— Cloud condensation nuclei contribute to the formation of cloud droplets and ice nuclei contribute to the formation of ice crystals. Ice crystals develop quicker than drops, get greater and fall.

Due to this fact, choice (c) is the proper reply.

4.(c)

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

— Irradiation doesn’t make meals radioactive, compromise dietary high quality, or materially alter the style, texture, or look of meals. In actual fact, the adjustments brought on by irradiation are so small that it isn’t simple to inform if a meals has been irradiated.

— Meals irradiation (the applying of ionizing radiation to meals) is a know-how that improves security and extends the shelf lifetime of meals by lowering or eliminating microorganisms and bugs. Very similar to pasteurizing milk and canning fruit and veggies, irradiation could make meals safer for the patron. Due to this fact, assertion 1 is appropriate.

— The Meals and Drug Administration (FDA) is answerable for regulating radiation sources used to irradiate meals.

— The FDA solely authorizes using a radiation supply on meals after it has decided that irradiation of the meals is protected.

Advantages of irradiation

— Prevention of foodborne sicknesses – to successfully eradicate organisms that trigger foodborne sicknessresembling Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Assertion 2 is due to this fact appropriate.

— Preservation – destroy or inactivate the organisms answerable for deterioration and decomposition and prolong the shelf lifetime of meals. Due to this fact, assertion 3 is appropriate.

— Insect Management – destroy bugs in or on tropical fruits imported into the US. Irradiation additionally reduces the necessity for different pest management practices that might hurt fruit.

— Delay in germination and maturation – to inhibit germination (e.g. potatoes) and delay fruit ripening to extend longevity.

— Sterilization – irradiation can be utilized to sterilize meals, which might then be saved for years with out refrigeration. Sterilized meals are helpful in hospitals for sufferers with severely weakened immune techniques, resembling sufferers with AIDS or present process chemotherapy.

Due to this fact, choice (c) is the proper reply.

(Different supply: http://www.fda.gov)

5.(d)

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

— MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Riparian Habitats and Tangible Revenue)

— This new program will facilitate mangrove plantations alongside the Indian coast and on salt marsh lands.

— This system will work by means of “convergence between MGNREGS, Campa Fund and different sources.”

— This new program will goal the intensive afforestation of coastal mangrove forests.

— India has such forests on its east and west coasts, with the Sundarbans in Bengal being one of many largest mangrove forests on the planet.

Due to this fact, choice (d) is the proper reply.

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